Proġett ta 'produzzjoni tal-komponenti prefabbrikati tal-pajpijiet komprensiva taħt l-art dettaljat
L-ewwel, is-settings tal-post
Sit prefabbrikat
1. Is-sit jintgħażel skond is-sitwazzjoni attwali tal-proġett. Is-sit jadotta ġestjoni magħluqa biex iwaqqaf l-importazzjoni u l-esportazzjoni, u t-triq ta 'aċċess għall-kostruzzjoni hija riservata fiż-żona ta' ppjanar tas-sit, u diversi sinjali huma mdendlin fl-importazzjoni u l-esportazzjoni skond ir-regolamenti.
2. It-tqassim tas-sit tal-prefabrikazzjoni għandu jkun f'konformità stretta mar-rekwiżiti tal-fabbrika standard, jissodisfa r-rekwiżiti tas-saħħa u s-sigurtà fuq ix-xogħol u sistema ta 'ġestjoni ambjentali u istruzzjonijiet ta' operazzjoni HSE, u jistabbilixxi diversi faċilitajiet għall-protezzjoni ambjentali. Għandha tkun mgħammra b'mod sħiħ biex tissodisfa r-rekwiżiti ta 'produzzjoni sigura u ċivilizzata, skariki tad-drenaġġ u rimi ta' żibel. Strettament skond id-dispożizzjonijiet rilevanti tad-dipartimenti tal-gvern lokali.
3. Naddaf is-sit prefabbrikat, l-invellar, il-vibrazzjoni u l-ikkumpattar, billi stabbilixxa bażi ta 'macadam stabilizzata b'sit ta' 20 ċentri ħoxna, issikkar u vibrazzjoni u kompatt. It-triq prinċipali ta 'l-impjant se tħoll 15 ċm ta' ħxuna ta 'konkos kummerċjali C20 fuq il-bażi tas-siment stabilizzata ta' macadam. , żona ta 'installazzjoni, prefabbrikazzjoni, żona ta' produzzjoni, pajp tal-pajp integrat żona ta 'pjazzament ta' konservazzjoni naturali li tferra 10cmC20 konkos kummerċjali. Fil-pożizzjoni ta 'l-erezzjoni tal-karreġġjata tal-krejn ta' l-irfid, il-fond ta 'tħaffir huwa ta' 60ċm, u l-konkos jitferra u titqiegħed il-binarju. Wkoll tagħmel dawn it-tliet affarijiet:
(1) Is-sit jeħtieġ li jitnaddaf u jitlaq, inklużi siti prefabbrikati, li jgħaqqdu ċ-ċintorini tax-xogħol tal-kostruzzjoni u toroq tat-trasport eżistenti, u passaġġi f'siti prefabbrikati.
(2) Fis-sit prefabbrikat, il-ġebel, ħaxix ħażin, siġar, strutturi, eċċ li jaffettwaw il-mogħdija jew xogħol ta 'kostruzzjoni tal-makkinarju tal-kostruzzjoni għandhom jitnaddfu, il-foss u l-linja għandhom jiġu leveled, u ż-żoni baxxi L-ilma akkumulat għandu jiġi mbattal u mimli, jekk meħtieġ, mibdul. Imla, jiggarantixxi bis-sħiħ il-flatness ta 'l-art u l-kapaċità li ġġorr il-piż u l-kompressjoni.
(3) Għandu jitwettaq tindif u twittija tas-siti ta 'qabel il-fabbrikazzjoni biex isalva l-akkwist tal-art jew l-okkupazzjoni tal-art, mingħajr ostakli tat-traffiku, ħsara lill-bini, faċilitajiet, monumenti, eċċ.
4. Prefabbrikazzjoni tal-qasam tal-ipproċessar u l-installazzjoni tal-bar tal-azzar, produzzjoni integrata tal-pajpijiet tal-pajpijiet, żona tal-fwar għall-produzzjoni tal-prefabbrikazzjonijiet, gallerija integrata tal-pajpijiet tal-konservazzjoni naturali, żona integrata ta ' Iż-żona tal-uffiċċju u ż-żona tal-għixien huma stabbiliti skont is-sitwazzjoni attwali, u d-daħla u l-ħruġ prefabbrikati tal-kamp huma stabbiliti bħala kamra tal-gwardja. It-tieni, il-proċess tal-produzzjoni
Ċart tal-fluss tal-proċess tal-produzzjoni
1. Materjali tal-kostruzzjoni ta 'inġinerija ta' rinfurzar li jidħlu fis-sit, spezzjoni ta 'kampjuni, ipproċessar tal-azzar, vireg tal-bar tal-azzar, installazzjoni
(1) Spezzjoni ta 'approċċ ta' rinfurzar a. Rebar huwa azzar ta 'grad HPB300 irrumblat bis-sħana u bar ta' l-azzar ta 'grad HRB400 rrumblat bis-sħana. Il-qawwa standard tal-bar tal-azzar tissodisfa r-rekwiżiti ta '4.2.2 ta' GB50010-2010. Il-bar tal-azzar irrigat jikkonforma mal-azzar għall-konkrit rinfurzat: Parti II: Vireg tal-azzar irrumblati bis-sħana (GB1499.2-2007); vireg ta 'l-azzar ħfief jissodisfaw ir-rekwiżiti ta' l-azzar għall-konkrit rinfurzat: Parti I: vireg ta 'l-azzar irrumblati bis-sħana (GB1499.1-2008). Il-pjanċa tal-azzar hija magħmula minn azzar Q235-B, l-azzar tal-elettrodu tal-welding electrode HPB300 huwa wweldjat b'elettre tat-tip E43, u l-azzar tal-grad HRB400 huwa wweldjat b'elettre tat-tip E55. b. Qabel ma l-azzar jidħol fis-sit, iċċekkja l-varjetà, grad, speċifikazzjoni, kwantità u lista ta 'materjal f'konformità stretta mar-rekwiżiti, jekk iċ-ċertifikat tal-kwalità tal-prodott, ir-rapport tal-ispezzjoni tal-fabbrika u r-rapport ta' spezzjoni mill-ġdid humiex kompluti u validi. It-test tal-proprjetajiet mekkaniċi għandu jkun skond l-istandards rilevanti. c. Qabel ma l-azzar jidħol fil-kamp u qabel l-użu, iċċekkja l-kwalità ta 'dehra tal-bar tal-azzar, sew jekk tkun dritta, sew jekk le, inkella ebda inklużjoni fuq il-wiċċ, ġilda tqila, xquq, tebgħa taż-żejt, , tara d-dijametru tal-bar tal-azzar Issir il-ħtiġiet, sabiex ma jaffettwax is-saħħa tal-azzar u l-prestazzjoni tal-ankraġġ. Pjanċi tal-azzar, vireg tal-welding, eċċ huma spezzjonati mal-oġġetti tal-ispezzjoni tal-bar tal-azzar qabel ma jidħlu fis-sit.
(2) Ħażna ta 'vireg tal-azzar a. Il-vireg tal-azzar li jidħlu fis-sit huma maħżuna fiż-żona tal-ħażna tal-bar tal-azzar skont il-varjetà, l-ispeċifikazzjoni u l-grad. Il-materjali huma maħżuna mill-persunal materjali u l-kustodji. Il-bar tal-azzar huwa meħtieġ li jkun mgħotti b'kuxxinett biex jipprevjeni s-sadid. b. Iċċekkja jekk il-bar tal-azzar għandux iċ-ċertifikat tal-fabbrika u r-rapport tal-ispezzjoni tal-fabbrika u r-rapport tal-ispezzjoni mill-ġdid. Iċċekkja l-kwalità tal-apparenza u d-dijametru rappreżentattiv tal-volum. Il-bar tal-azzar irid jiġi spezzjonat b'mod komprensiv għall-indiċi tal-kwalità tiegħu. Skont l-ispezzjoni tal-lott, id-dijametru u d-devjazzjoni tal-piż huma l-istess bħall-istess fabbrika, l-istess numru tal-forn, l-istess speċifikazzjoni, l-istess proċess ta 'produzzjoni u l-bar tal-azzar ta' 60 tunnellata li jidħlu fl- Lott ta 'spezzjoni, inqas minn 60 tunnellata. Ukoll bħala lott tat-test, wettaq kampjuni ta 'xhieda. It-teħid tal-kampjuni tal-vireg tal-azzar għandu jitwettaq mill-inġinier ta 'sorveljanza. Żewġ vireg tal-azzar għandhom jittieħdu biex jieħdu żewġ biċċiet tat-test tat-tensjoni, kull waħda b'tul ta 'madwar 450 mm, u żewġ biċċiet tat-test imxewwek imkemmxin b'tul ta' madwar 350 mm, imqiegħda fil-kaxxa tat-test, u mbagħad sorveljati għas-siġillar jew il-monitoraġġ il-kamra tat-test. Jekk ir-riżultat tar-rapport ta 'l-eżami mill-ġdid ma jkunx kwalifikat, għandu jittieħed kampjun doppju u jiġi ttestjat mill-ġdid. Ir-riżultati tar-rapport ta 'eżami mill-ġdid għandhom ikunu kkwalifikati, u l-inġinier tas-superviżjoni professjonali għandu jiffirma l-approvazzjoni, u l-lott tal-vireg tal-azzar jista' jintuża fl-ipproċessar. Il-ħażna u l-ħażna ta 'materjali oħra għandhom jitwettqu permezz ta' insulazzjoni ta 'umdità.
(3) L-ipproċessar tar-riproċessar Qabel ma jiġi pproċessat, skond l-ispeċifikazzjonijiet tad-disinn u t-tul u l-kwantità, ikkombinati ma 'tekniki ta' pproċessar differenti, it-tul ta 'kull barxa huwa ddeterminat b'kalkolu biex tiġi żgurata l-preċiżjoni. Waqt l-ipproċessar, iċċekkja jekk hemmx xi żball jew ommissjoni fit-tabella tal-blanking. Iċċekkja t-tabella tal-materjal għal kull tip ta 'bar tal-azzar. Wara dawn iż-żewġ spezzjonijiet, agħfas it-tabella tal-materjal biex tirrilaxxa l-kampjun reali. Wara l-produzzjoni tal-prova hija kkwalifikata, tista 'tiġi pproċessata f'lottijiet. Il-vireg ta 'l-azzar tajba għandhom ikunu mwaħħlin sew ub'mod ordnat. Il-wiċċ tal-bar tal-azzar għandu jkun nadif, u l-grass, ħmieġ u sadid għandhom jitnaddfu qabel l-użu. Il-vireg tal-azzar huma ddritati u ddritati b'mod mekkaniku. Il-vireg tal-azzar wara li jillixxaw m'għandhomx ikollhom tgħawwiġ lokali, liwjiet mejtin jew mewġ żgħir. It-tqattigħ tal-bar tal-azzar għandu jkun ibbażat fuq in-numru tal-bar tal-azzar, dijametru, tul u kwantità. It-tul u t-tul tal-bar tal-azzar għandhom jitkissru u l-materjal il-qasir għandu jitkisser l-ewwel, u r-ras qasira tal-azzar għandha titnaqqas u titqassar kemm jista 'jkun biex tiffranka l-azzar u tnaqqas it-telf. Meta l-bar tal-azzar jitgħawweġ, il-pożizzjoni tiddetermina l-punt tal-liwi u tiddetermina l-angolu tal-liwi bbażat fuq il-qawwa tal-rebound ta 'kull bar tal-azzar. Qabel il-liwja formali, il-vireg tal-azzar li ġew imqatta 'fi kwantitajiet kbar se jkunu suġġetti għal proċess ta' tgħawwiġ u d-data teknika rilevanti tiġi determinata qabel ma jintgħamel lott. Wara li l-bar tal-azzar huwa mgħawweġ, l-ark jifforma ark. Wara li tgħawweġ, id-daqs ma jkunx ikbar mid-daqs tal-blanking. Il-valur ta 'aġġustament tal-liwja għandu jiġi kkunsidrat. Id-dijametru tal-liwi D tal-bar ta 'l-azzar imdawwar u l-liwja tal-parti tan-nofs mhix inqas minn 5 darbiet id-dijametru tal-bar ta' l-azzar. It-tul tal-bar tal-azzar għandu jiġi kkunsidrat b'mod komprensiv skont id-daqs tal-komponent, il-ħxuna tas-saff protettiv u l-valur ta 'aġġustament tal-liwja tal-bar tal-azzar. Id-devjazzjoni permessa tal-ipproċessar tal-bar tal-azzar m'għandhiex teċċedi l-ispeċifikazzjoni. Għal vireg tal-azzar b'materjal lest insuffiċjenti, il-metodu tal-iwweldjar bil-pressjoni tal-ġonta tat-truf jintuża biex itaffi t-tul tas-sieq u imbagħad jgħawwiġ. Il-welder butt għandu jkun imħarreġ fi proċess ta 'welding butt speċjali u jittieħed kampjun għall-ispezzjoni. Wara li jiġu ffurmati diversi vireg tal-azzar, id-devjazzjoni permessa m'għandhiex teċċedi l-ispeċifikazzjoni: it-tul sħiħ tal-kustilji tal-forza għandhom ikunu ± 10 mm; id-devjazzjoni tat-tul ta 'kull parti ta' l-istirru għandha tkun ta '± 5 mm; id-devjazzjoni tal-kustilji mghammra ghandha tkun ± 20 mm tal-membru, volum kbir Il-konkos huwa ± 30mm; id-devjazzjoni tal-kantuniera tal-azzar hija 3mm; il-kustilja tonda ta '6-12 mm issir fl-istirrup, u t-tul tal-ganċ tat-tarf huwa ta' 75 ~ 105mm skond id-dijametru tal-kustilja prinċipali. Il-kalkolu speċifiku qabel ma jiġi stabbilit il-blanking, il-vireg tal-azzar ipproċessat huma klassifikati u maħżuna, u l-vireg tal-azzar iffurmati ma jitħallewx jitgħawġu waqt il-ħażna u t-trasport.
Formwork tal-azzar imsaħħaħ tal-azzar (azzar imsaħħaħ)
Diffikultajiet: Id-diffikultà biex il-kustilji prinċipali tal-pajp ta 'fuq rettangolari jsiru l-kustilja prinċipali ta' barra tal-kustilja. Kull ċirku jikkonsisti f'erba 'vireg tal-azzar b'żewġ arki li kull wieħed jifforma ċirku tal-vireg tal-pajp ta' fuq rettangolari. Ir-raġġ tal-ark huwa żgħir wisq, is-segment tal-ark mgħawweġ huwa qasir, u l-preċiżjoni hija għolja. . Soluzzjoni: Qabel ma l-vireg tal-azzar jitgħawġu, immarkahom fl-intersezzjoni ta 'kull ark. Imbagħad, l-ark ta 'grad R90 huwa mgħawweġ bi twaħħil ta' tliet rolls, u s-segment tal-linja dritta ma jkunx mgħawweġ. Wara li l-ark ikun mgħawweġ għal kollox, jitqiegħed fuq l-ispezzjoni tal-kaptan standard. Wara li jintlaħqu r-rekwiżiti, il-marka tal-pożizzjoni tal-moviment tar-rota li tkun tiċċaqlaq issir fuq il-pjattaforma operattiva tal-magna tal-liwja għall-produzzjoni mgħaġġla li jmiss. Il-magna tal-liwja bi tlieta trid ikollha l-funzjoni ta 'jog u reverse. (4) Iwweldjar tal-bar tal-azzar Il-bar tal-azzar iffurmat titqiegħed fuq l-għodda tax-xogħol tal-issaldjar tal-bar tal-azzar skont id-disinji tal-kostruzzjoni għall-iwweldjar. Il-kwalità ta 'l-iwweldjar hija parti importanti biex tiżgura s-saħħa ġenerali tal-bar ta' l-azzar. Fil-fabbrika tal-ipproċessar tal-bar tal-azzar, il-vireg tal-azzar huma mnaddfa l-aktar permezz ta 'iwweldjar bil-buttuna doppja tal-flash biex tnaddaf il-brimli tal-kantuniera u s-sadid tal-wiċċ tar-ras, tbajja taż-żejt u film tal-ossidu qabel ma jiġu wweldjati, u t-tleqqija tal- m'hemm l-ebda fenomenu ta 'ossidazzjoni. Fl-istess ħin, il-wiċċ ta 'barra tal-bar tal-azzar għandu jiġi ċċattjat biex jiffaċilita taħlita tajba. L-attrezzaturi fuq iż-żewġ naħat għandhom ikunu allinjati biex jiżguraw li ż-żewġ vireg tal-azzar huma fuq l-istess assi, u t-tneħħija lokali taż-żewġ vireg tal-azzar mhijiex aktar minn 3 mm. Il-pressjoni applikata waqt l-iwweldjar għandha tkun uniformi u qawwija, u t-temperatura għandha tkun ikkontrollata fi 30-40 MPa skont id-dijametru tal-bar tal-azzar biex tinkiseb adeżjoni tajba bejn iż-żewġ vireg tal-azzar. Meta l-vireg ta 'l-azzar ta' dijametri differenti huma ssaldjati bil-buttun, id-devjazzjoni m'għandhiex taqbeż is-7mm. L-iwweldjar bl-iwweldjar u l-iwweldjar fuq il-post huma strettament skond ir-regolamenti, u l-persunal ta 'l-iwweldjar huwa ċċertifikat li jaħdem. Wara li l-iwweldjar jitlesta, il-ġonta tinbidel minn bajda għal sewda biex tinfetaħ il-morsa, u l-bar tal-azzar jittieħed mingħajr xkiel biex jiġi evitat liwi. Wara li l-issaldjar tal-vireg tal-azzar jitlesta, l-ispezzjoni tad-dehra tal-ġonot iwweldjati għandha titwettaq fiż-żmien, u l-ġonot li jfallu l-ispezzjoni viżwali għandhom jerġgħu jiġu wweldjati. L-operaturi kollha tal-iwweldjar għandhom jiżguraw li t-tipi kollha ta 'magni tal-welding huma f'kondizzjoni tajba tax-xogħol, jimmaterjalizzaw il-prestazzjoni prinċipali u parametri ta' diversi magni tal-welding fil-ħin, u jagħżlu l-aħjar parametri għall-operazzjoni attwali skont il-kundizzjonijiet tal-metall bażiku u tat-temp biex jiżguraw il-kwalità tal-iwweldjar. . (5) Il-gaġeġ rinfurzati tal-azzar għandhom jiġu kkalibrati mill-ġdid qabel l-ispeċifikazzjoni, id-daqs, il-forma, il-kwantità, l-għodda tal-ippożizzjonar, eċċ., U spezzjoni komprensiva għandha titwettaq skont it-tpinġijiet tad-disinn u l-lista tal-ingredjenti. Id-disinn, il-lista tal-ingredjenti u l-oġġett fiżiku jistgħu jiġu mqabbla. Sigurtà. Qabel ma tiġi installata s-sistema, it-tisħiħ jiġi rranġat fuq il-pjattaforma tal-għodda tal-ippożizzjonar skont id-dejta tad-disinn. Fl-istess ħin, skont il-post, l-issettjar tat-tisħiħ permanenti huwa determinat biex jiżgura li l-vireg tal-azzar wara l-installazzjoni jissodisfaw ir-rekwiżiti. Fil-proċess tas-sigurtà, il-vireg tal-azzar huma magħmulin prinċipalment permezz tal-wajer li jorbtu u l-iwweldjar fuq il-post It-toqob huma magħmula minn wajer ta '20 ~ 22 #. Il-metodu ta 'rbit u twaħħil huwa skond l-ispeċifikazzjonijiet u r-regolamenti. L-iwweldjar bil-ponta jintuża l-iktar biex jiffurma vireg tal-azzar u vireg permanenti L-iffissar, l-iwweldjar fuq il-post għandu jkun sod, il-punti għandhom jitqassmu b'mod ugwali, u l-kustilji tal-forza m'għandhomx ikunu mdgħajfa serjament. Il-ġonta ta 'rbit tal-bar tal-azzar għandha tissodisfa r-rekwiżiti li ġejjin: a. It-tmiem tat-tul tal-ħoġor m'għandux ikun inqas minn 10 darbiet id-dijametru tal-bar tal-azzar fil-liwja tal-bar tal-azzar, u l-ġonta ma għandhiex tkun imqiegħda fil-mument massimu tal-liwi tal-komponent. b. Fiż-żona tat-tensjoni, it-tarf tal-ġonta ta 'l-irbit ta' l-azzar ta 'grad I għandu jsir fi ganċ. Fl-istess taqsima, iż-żona tal-ġonta tal-ġonta taż-żona tat-tensjoni għandha tkun inqas minn 50% tal-erja totali tal-ġonta li tirċievi l-forza, u l-ġonta tal-irbit m'għandhiex tkun aktar minn 50%. Mhux iktar minn 25%, fl-istess ħin, il-ġonot ta 'l-irbit m'għandhomx jaqbżu l-50% fiż-żona tal-kompressjoni. c. Ġonot rinfurzati, marbutin bil-wajer fiċ-ċentru u fiż-żewġt itruf. d. Il-pożizzjonijiet konġunti tal-kustilji mmarkati huma mqassma minn xulxin. It-tul tal-ħoġor tal-ġonot rinfurzati bl-azzar tensjonat għandu jissodisfa r-rekwiżiti tad-disinn strutturali. Il-ġonot ta 'l-azzar iwweldjati u l-ġonot mekkaniċi għandhom jitqiegħdu fil-mument minimu tal-liwja u mqassma. e. Meta d-dijametru tal-bar ta 'l-azzar ippressat huwa ≥25 mm, mhuwiex rakkomandabbli li tuża ġonta ta' l-irbit mhux issaldjata. f. Il-ħxuna tas-saff protettiv tal-konkos tal-bar ta 'l-azzar ippressat għandha tissodisfa r-rekwiżiti tad-disinn strutturali. Sabiex tiġi żgurata l-pożizzjoni korretta tal-bar tal-azzar, huwa marbut u installat skont ir-rekwiżiti tad-disinn. g. Fil-proċess ta 'rbit tat-tisħiħ tal-gaġġa, pajp ΦPVC huwa pre-midfun fuq l-erba' ġnub tal-ġonta, Φ14mm, it-tul tal-pajp tal-PVC huwa ddeterminat skond il-ħxuna tal-ħajt tal-ħalq tal-ġonta, u l-PVC Il-pajp jintuża bħala toqba għall-ispezzjoni u l-toqba għall-injezzjoni. It-toqob ta 'l-irfigħ huma installati f'500 mm fuq u taħt l-assi ċentrali tal-ġnub tax-xellug u tal-lemin tal-gallerija integrata tal-pajpijiet. Żewġ pajpijiet ta 'l-azzar Φ125 * 10mm * 220mm huma wweldjati mal-qafas ta' l-azzar, u Φ140 * 4 pjanċa ta 'l-azzar tintuża għall-issiġillar. Il-pajp ta 'l-azzar Φ125 * 10mm * 180mm huwa installat qabel l-irfigħ. Φ110mm * Il-pin tal-ħadid ta '350mm jintuża bħala l-widna integrata tas-segmentazzjoni tal-pajp biex tilħaq il-kostruzzjoni tal-irfigħ tal-gallerija integrata tal-pajpijiet. Ix-xogħlijiet ta 'l-azzar rinfurzati huma proġetti moħbija. Qabel ma tferra l-konkrit, il-vireg tal-azzar u partijiet integrati għandhom jiġu spezzjonati u aċċettati, u r-reġistri tal-inġinerija moħbija għandhom isiru. Wara li l-inġiniera ta 'superviżjoni fuq il-post jaqblu, il-proċess li jmiss jista' jitwettaq.
Assemblaġġ ta 'moffa ta'
Il-metodu l-aktar effiċjenti għall-proċess ta 'assemblaġġ għandu jkun: l-ewwel tappoġġja l-moffa ta' ġewwa, il-kustilji tal-konnessjoni tal-għonq tal-azzar għandhom jiġu wweldjati l-ewwel u mbagħad imqiegħda fil-moffa tal-qiegħ u l-kisi tal- qafas jitqiegħed fil-moffa, u l-vireg tal-azzar huma wweldjati. Wara li l-iskeletru jitqiegħed fil-moffa, it-toqba tal-grouting, it-toqba tal-grouting u l-pjanċa tal-azzar imdaħħla minn qabel huma wweldjati. Wara l-iwweldjar, il-forma ta 'barra hija mmuntata. Sabiex ma jħallix li l-pożizzjoni tat-toqob ta 'l-irfigħ ma tkunx eżatta, it-toqba ta' l-irfigħ tkun imwaħħla fuq il-moffa ta 'barra, u l-moffa ta' barra tkun immuntata u mbagħad is-sokit ta 'l-iwweldjar ikun ippreparat minn qabel. Ċirku tal-azzar midfun. (6) Saff protettiv rinfurzat Is-saff protettiv tal-konkrit huwa magħmul minn blokka tal-konkrit, il-ħxuna hija ugwali għall-ħxuna tas-saff protettiv iddisinjat, id-daqs tal-blokka huwa 3cm × 3cm, in-numru tal-pad huwa aktar minn qawwa ta ' il-fejqan huwa msaħħaħ matul il-produzzjoni biex tinkiseb is-saħħa tad-disinn. Jista 'jintuża 85% ta' hawn fuq. Meta tintuża fl-istruttura vertikali, il-linja li tgħaqqad 20 # tista 'tiġi midfuna fil-blokka, u l-blokka hija marbuta mal-bar tal-azzar bil-wajer. Is-saff tal-qiegħ tal-pjanċa tal-qiegħ u s-saff ta 'rinfurzar tal-ħitan jitqiegħdu metru kwadru kull metru kwadru, u l-blanzuni tal-għanbaqar huma rranġati. L-ispazjar tal-pads għandu jkun encrypted sewwa. Arranġament tirranġa l-blokki, u torbot sewwa fuq il-vireg ta 'l-azzar ippressat, minflok ma titqiegħed fuq l-għeruq mhux imdeffsa, l-iffissar għandu jkun sod biex jipprevjeni l-ispostament u ż-żliq waqt il-proċess tat-tferriegħ; jekk il-blokki humiex spezzjonati kompletament qabel it-tferriegħ tal-konkrit Nieqes jew iddanneġġjat. 2. Tferriegħ tal-konkrit (1) Materjal tal-konkrit It-trasport tal-konkrit huwa trasportat lejn is-sit prefabbrikat minn tanker tal-konkrit, u ppumpjat fil-maħżen permezz ta 'trakk tal-pompa konkreta. It-tnaqqis fil-konkos huwa ġeneralment ikkontrollat bejn 140 u 180 mm (il-valur speċifiku jiddependi mit-temperatura tal-ġurnata). 4 vireg tal-konkrit li jivvibraw b'radju li jivvibra ta '20-25 ċm, sabiex l-ispazjar bejn kull virga huwa ta' 40 ċm. Kull fond tal-virga huwa fi ħdan 5 ċm taħt il-wiċċ ta 'vibrazzjoni preċedenti, u l-ħin li jivvibra għal kull virga huwa ta' 2-3 minuti. (2) Id-disinn u t-test tal-proporzjon tat-taħlit a. Disinn tal-proporzjon ta 'taħlit Biex tissodisfa r-rekwiżiti tal-qawwa tad-disinn konkreti, reżistenza għall-ġlata, impermeabbiltà, rata ta' espansjoni aggregata tar-ramel u xogħol ta 'kostruzzjoni, u huwa rivedut u approvat mill-inġinier ta 'superviżjoni. Il-proporzjon tat-taħlita tal-konkrit għandu jiżgura li l-konkrit miksub ikun jista 'jilħaq il-kondizzjonijiet speċifiċi tat-tferrigħ, u l-konsum tal-ilma fil-proporzjon tal-konkrit tal-konkrit ikun żgħir kemm jista' jkun. b. Il-pjan tal-prova tal-proporzjon tat-taħlita tal-konkrit tal-konkrit, inkluż it-test tal-proporzjon tal-konkrit tal-konkrit u t-test tal-prestazzjoni tal-konkos ta 'gradi ta' saħħa differenti, jiġi rrappurtat lill-inġinier ta 'superviżjoni. c. Kontroll tal-proporzjon tal-mixtrija tal-kostruzzjoni Skont it-test tal-proporzjon tat-taħlita u l-lista tal-lott approvata mill-inġinier tas-superviżjoni, il-proporzjon tal-konkrit tal-konkrit huwa kkontrollat, u l-konsum totali tal-ilma jiġi aġġustat skont il-kontenut tal-ilma tal-aggregat. Il-waqgħa konkreta hija ddeterminata min-natura tal-parti strutturali, ir-rata tat-tisħiħ, il-metodu tal-konkrit għat-trasport u l-ikkastjar, u l-kundizzjonijiet klimatiċi u tuża kemm jista 'jkun tnaqqis żgħir. Il-waqgħa konkreta tissodisfa r-rekwiżiti tal-SL677-2014. (3) Test tal-kampjunar tal-konkrit Waqt il-proċess tat-tferrigħ tal-konkrit, il-kuntrattur għandu jwettaq test tal-kampjunar konkret fis-sit tal-ftuħ u t-tferriegħ ta 'kwittanza skont id-dispożizzjonijiet tal-SL352-2006 u l- istruzzjonijiet tas-superviżur u jissottometti l- : a. U ċ-ċertifikat tal-kwalità tal-gallerija integrata tiegħu; b. Il-kompożizzjoni, it-taħlit u d-dimensjonijiet tal-biċċa tat-test; c. Deskrizzjoni tal-preparazzjoni u l-manutenzjoni tal-biċċa tat-test; d. Riżultati tat-test u deskrizzjoni; e. Konkrit ta 'diversi etajiet Id-data tat-test bħad-densità tal-massa, saħħa kompressiva, saħħa tensili, valur tensili aħħari, modulu elastiku, proporzjon ta' Poisson, waqgħa u iffissar inizjali u ħin ta 'ssettjar finali. (4) Il-konkrit tferra 'a. Il-proporzjon tat-taħlita tal-konkos kummerċjali għandu jissodisfa r-rekwiżiti tad-DL / T5330-2005 "Speċifikazzjoni tad-Disinn għal Proporzjon ta 'Taħlit tal-Konkrit idrawliku" u juża siment u aġent li jnaqqas l-ilma b'ħin inizjali relattivament bikri u saħħa qawwija wara l-issettjar finali. Diversi addittivi bħall-aġent li jdaħħal l-arja u l-aġent tas-saħħa bikrija għandhom jikkunsidraw id-distanza twila tat-trasportazzjoni tal-konkrit, iżidu s-saħħa bikrija tal-konkrit, inaqqsu l-ħin li jimmaturaw u jqassru l-perjodu ta 'kostruzzjoni. . Il-problema bil-waqgħa konkreta tas-sit għandha tiġi kkontrollata f'140-180mm. b. Wara li l-vireg tal-moffa u l-azzar ġew installati u kkwalifikati mit-tekniċi għall-ispezzjoni u s-superviżjoni tal-kwalità, u kkonfermat, il-gallerija integrata tal-pajpijiet tista 'tiġi mferra. L-għoli tat-toqba huwa 2m jew aktar fuq l-art, u l-qatra hija 2m jew anqas. Il-barmil ta 'sekwenza artab huwa ssettjat fil-ħalq biex jiżgura li l-konkrit għandu għoli li jaqgħu ta' inqas minn 2m. c. Il-konkrit tal-konkrit tal-mina tal-pajp għandu jadotta l-metodu ta 'ikkastjar simetriku biex jikkunsidra li l-għoli tat-tarf ma għandux jaqbeż l-40 ċm, u l-kostruzzjoni b'metodu ta' ikkastjar kontinwu m'għandhiex tkun intermittenti. d. Il-konkrit jitferra f'safef, f'ċerta direzzjoni, u b'ċerta ħxuna. Il-konkrit huwa f'saffi orizzontali u l-ħxuna tas-saff hija ta '30-40 ċm. e. Il-vibrazzjoni tuża virga li tippompja plagg, id-distanza li tiċċaqlaq ma taqbiżx 1.5 darbiet ir-raġġ ta 'azzjoni tal-bar li jivvibra, u żżomm distanza ta' 5 sa 10 ċm mill-moffa tal-ġenb. Daħħal is-saff l-aktar baxx tal-konkrit 5 sa 10 ċm meta tivvibra, u pproponi bil-mod il-bar li jivvibra wara kull vibrazzjoni. Evita li tivvibra l-formwork, vireg tal-azzar, eċċ matul il-vibrazzjoni; Għal kull parti ta 'vibrazzjoni, għandha tiġi ossillata sakemm il-konkos ikun kompatt, jiġifieri, il-konkos jieqaf għarqa, ma jidher l-ebda bżieżaq, u l-wiċċ ikun ċatt u tajn. Matul il-proċess tat-tferrigħ, kull tip ta 'xogħol għandu jiġi rranġat biex jiċċekkja l-bidliet tal-vireg tal-azzar, parenteżi u stensils, u s-sitwazzjoni għandha tiġi ttrattata fil-ħin. 3, Manutenzjoni ta 'kaxxa tal-kanali u demoulding
Kaxxa tal-kanali prefabbrikata
(1) Wara li l-konkos jitferra, wara li l-konkos ikun stabbilit fil-bidu, il-gallerija integrata tal-pajpijiet hija steamed f'temperatura għolja. Il-fwar jadotta kopertura tal-fwar apposta, u l-moffa tal-gallerija integrata tal-pajp hija koperta b'kopertura tal-fwar, u l-qiegħ tal-kopertura tal-fwar huwa ssiġillat biex jipprevjeni l-fwar milli jitbattal waqt il-proċess tal-fwar. Il-bojler tal-fwar huwa steamed għall-faċilità tal-fwar li ma tagħmilx ħsara lill-ambjent. appoġġ. Fil-proċess tal-fwar, huwa maqsum f'erba 'stadji: waqfien statiku, tisħin, temperatura kostanti u tkessiħ. Matul il-waqfien statiku, it-temperatura ambjentali għandha tinżamm taħt il-5 ° C, u ż-żieda fit-temperatura għandha tkun ikkontrollata fi 15 ° C / siegħa. Temperatura kostanti: Meta t-temperatura tilħaq 60 ° C, il-fwar jista 'jitwaqqaf wara erba' sigħat ta 'temperatura kostanti tal-fwar. Tkessiħ: Ir-rata tat-tkessiħ tal-gallerija integrata tal-pajpijiet fil-barrakka tal-fwar hija inqas minn 10 ° C / h, u t-temperatura tal-wiċċ tal-gallerija integrata tal-pajpijiet mhijiex iktar minn 5 ° C, sabiex il-gallerija integrata tal- pajpijiet tista 'titneħħa minn il-kopertura tal-fwar. Matul il-proċess tal-fwar, persunal speċjali huwa rranġat biex jikkontrolla b'mod effettiv iż-żieda fit-temperatura u jaqa 'u jirreġistra fid-dettall. L-ewwelnett, wara li l-gallerija integrata tal-pajpijiet ġiet imferra u mwaqqfa għal sagħtejn, il-gallerija integrata tal-pajpijiet kienet inizjalment stabbilita u l-ispezzjoni ma kellha l-ebda anormalità. Il-kopertura u t-tagħmir tal-fwar jitmexxew fiż-żona tal-produzzjoni prefabbrikata, u l-gallerija integrata tal-pajpijiet ġiet imwaqqfa bil-kopertura tal-fwar. Imsaħ strettament, iċċekkja l-kundizzjoni tas-siġillar tat-tagħmir tal-fwar u l-kopertura tal-fwar u tneħħi t-tagħmir tal-fwar. Wara li t-tħejjijiet kollha jkunu f'posthom, ibda t-tagħmir tal-fwar biex issaħħan, u tagħti attenzjoni biex tikkontrolla r-rata tat-tisħin fi 15 ° C / h matul il-proċess tat-tisħin. . Huwa pprojbit li jisħon malajr wisq jew bil-mod wisq, li jaffettwa s-saħħa kompressiva u l-prestazzjoni tal-gallerija integrata tal-pajpijiet. Meta t-temperatura tilħaq 60 ° C, it-temperatura kostanti tal-fwar tinbeda. Wara t-temperatura kostanti tal-fwar għal erba 'sigħat, il-fwar jista' jitwaqqaf. Wara li t-temperatura kostanti tal-fwar tkun lest, il-gallerija integrata tal-pajpijiet titkessaħ u tinżamm fil-barrakka tal-fwar, u r-rata tat-tkessiħ hija kkontrollata b'mod strett. F'temperatura ta '10 ° C / h, it-temperatura taqa' fit-temperatura tal-wiċċ tal-gallerija integrata u t-temperatura ambjentali ma taqbiżx il-5 ° C, il-kopertura tal-fwar tista 'titneħħa, u l- tinda għal konservazzjoni naturali. (2) Wara li l-fwar jitlesta, il-pjanta tal-manutenzjoni tal-gallerija tal-pajpijiet u l-konservazzjoni naturali se tilħaq 50% tas-saħħa tad-disinn u d-differenza fit-temperatura bejn il-ġewwa u barra tal-kopertura tal-fwar ma tistax tkun aktar minn 5 ° C wara li twaqqaf il-fwar għal siegħa. moffa. L-ordni ta 'demolding hija minn ġewwa barra, minn fuq għal isfel. Fil-proċess ta 'żarmar, għandu jitneħħa pass pass, il-moffa titneħħa, il-gallerija integrata prefabbrikata tal-pajpijiet u l-moffa tal-qiegħ jitneħħew mill-moffa bil-krejn tal-irfid, u ttrasportati lejn il- tisqija. Huwa pprojbit strettament li tuża l-manuvra biex tolqot l-istensil taħt il-mudell matul il-proċess tal-qtugħ tad-demm. Wara li l-manutenzjoni naturali tilħaq 75% tas-saħħa tad-disinn, il-gallerija integrata tal-pajpijiet titneħħa mill-għata naturali ta 'konservazzjoni biex tinqaleb. (3) Pjan li jintewaq u tqiegħed tal-gallarija tal-pajpijiet Wara li tlestiet it-tferriegħ tal-konkos, is-saħħa tad-disinn hija 50% u wara li l-fwar jitwaqqaf għal siegħa, id-differenza fit-temperatura bejn ġewwa u barra tal- minn 5 ° C, u l-moffa tista 'titwaqqa'. L-ordni ta 'demolding hija minn ġewwa barra, minn fuq għal isfel. Fil-proċess ta 'żarmar, għandu jitneħħa pass wara pass f'sekwenza. Wara li l-moffa titneħħa, il-prodott prefabbrikat u l-moffa tal-qiegħ jitneħħew mill-moffa u jiġu ttrasportati għaż-żona ta 'konservazzjoni naturali nominata għal tisqija naturali. Huwa pprojbit strettament li tuża l-manuvra biex tolqot l-istensil taħt il-mudell matul il-proċess tal-qtugħ tad-demm. Il-partijiet angulari tal-braga jew il-kuntatt tal-ħabel tal-wajer huma protetti minn kuxxinett, li huwa ħafif u ċar matul il-proċess ta 'rfigħ, u l-azzjonijiet kollha huma diretti minn persuna speċjali. Wara li s-saħħa tal-prodott tilħaq 75% tas-saħħa tad-disinn, il-prodott jiġi ttrasferit fiż-żona tal-konservazzjoni naturali lest. Mexxi l-prodott mit-trej waqt it-trasport u poġġih il-prodott. Sabiex tiffaċilita l-ħażna tal-prodott, il-prodott oriġinali tal-prodott jinxtegħel lejn il-qiegħ tal-art, u l-għoli tal-ħażna tal-prodott huwa żewġ saffi. 4, standards tal-ittestjar tal-ilma magħluq
Ċart tal-fluss tal-ispezzjoni tal-ilma magħluq
(1) Injezzjoni tal-ilma fil-gallarija tal-pajp integrat Qabel l-injezzjoni tal-ilma, il-blokka integrata tal-galleriji tal-pajp hija ssiġillata u ssiġillata Wara li tgħaddi l-ispezzjoni, l-ilma jiġi injettat fil-gallerija integrata tal-pajpijiet. L-ilma jiġi injettat mit-tarf t'isfel tal-gallerija integrata tal-pajpijiet. Wara li l-ilma jimtela, il-ħajt ta 'ġewwa tal-gallerija integrata tal-pajpijiet u l-materjal tal-interface jiġu kompletament assorbiti, u l-ħin tat-tberbol ma jkunx inqas mit-tul speċifikat fl-ispeċifikazzjoni. (2) Test a. Wara li l-kanal tal-pajp komprensiv ikun konformi mar-rekwiżiti, it-test għandu jitwettaq. Ir-ras tat-test għandha tkun 2 m 'il fuq mill-quċċata tal-gallerija integrata tal-pajpijiet. Jekk l-għoli mill-quċċata tal-gallerija integrata upstream għall-port ta 'spezzjoni huwa inqas minn 2 m, skont l-ispezzjoni u l-aċċettazzjoni tal-kwalità tal-inġinerija muniċipali. b. Ħin tal-bidu meta l-kap tat-test jilħaq il-livell speċifikat, josserva t-tnixxija tal-gallerija integrata tal-pajpijiet sa tmiem l-osservazzjoni. F'dan iż-żmien, l-ilma għandu jiġi fornut b'mod kontinwu lill-gallerija integrata tal-pajp biex iżomm il-kap tat-test kostanti, u ż-żmien tat-tnixxija tal-infiltrazzjoni tal-ilma ma jkunx inqas minn 30 minuta. c. Ikkalkula t-tnixxija mkejla tal-ilma skont il-formula li ġejja: q = W / TL fejn q hija t-tkejjil tal-ilma mkejjel [L / (min.m)]; W - l-ammont ta 'ilma (L); T - ħin ta 'osservazzjoni (min) L - tul tat-tarf tat-tubu tat-test (m). c. Wara t-tlestija tal-gallerija integrata tal-pajpijiet, it-tielet parti ta 'spezzjoni u s-superviżjoni fuq il-post innominata mill-Parti A għandhom jiġu nnotifikati fil-ħin biex issir it-test tal-ilma magħluq tas-sistema integrata tal-galleriji tal-pajpijiet. Wara li jitlesta t-test, il-parti tal-kostruzzjoni ta 'l-earthwork għandha twettaq il-mili mill-ġdid tad-dranaġġ integrat tal-gallarija tal-pajpijiet. (3) Punti ta 'kontroll a. Il-gallerija integrata tal-pajpijiet għandha tkun spezzjonata taqsima b'sezzjoni; b. Il-kwalità ta 'l-apparenza tal-gallerija u l-ispezzjoni tal-pajp integrat ukoll ġiet ikkwalifikata, u l-ebda tnixxija ta' l-ilma u l-ebda infiltrazzjoni serja ta 'l-ilma huma kwalifikati; c. Ħin ta 'l-istonku wara l-mili ta' l-ilma fil-gallarija tal-pajp integrat Il-ħin ta 'l-immersjoni tal-pajp tal-konkrit rinfurzat m'għandux ikun inqas mit-tul speċifikat fl-ispeċifikazzjoni; d. It-test komprensiv tal-ilma magħluq tal-kanal tal-pajpijiet għandu jsir fuq il-post sabiex jitkejjel l-ammont attwali u l-kalkolu tal-kamp, u imla l-formoli rilevanti bħala rekord ta 'aċċettazzjoni moħbija. (4) Avviż ta 'test ta' l-ilma magħluq It-taqsima magħluqa tat-taqsima ta 'l-ilma magħluqa mhix densa, u ħafna drabi hija traskurata minħabba li tinsab fil-bir. Jekk il-ħajt tal-briks jintuża għall-issiġillar, il-punti li ġejjin għandhom jingħataw attenzjoni għal: Iż-żennuna għandha tkun 0.5 qabel l-imblukkar. Il-ħajt ta 'ġewwa tal-pajp fil-medda ta' m jitnaddaf, il-purejiet tas-siment jiġu miżbugħin, u l- huma mxarrba għall-użu. Il-mehries tal-ġebla m'għandux ikun inqas minn M7.5 u għandu konsistenza tajba. It-tikħil tas-siment għat-tgħaqqid u t-tikħil m'għandux ikun inqas minn M15. Meta d-dijametru tal-pajp ikun kbir, il-ġnub ta 'ġewwa u ta' barra għandhom ikunu żgħar u għandha tintuża biss il-ġonta ta 'barra waħda jew il-wiċċ. Il-wiċċ għandu jiġi applikat f'metodu ta 'kostruzzjoni li ma jgħaddix ilma minn 5 saffi. Meta l-kondizzjonijiet jippermettu, tista 'tiġi ssiġillata qabel l-ispezzjoni tal-bjar biex tkun żgurata l-kwalità. It-toqba tad-drejn preset għandha tiġi spezzjonata fil-qiegħ ta 'ġewwa tat-tubu għad-drenaġġ u l-ittestjar. (5) Trattament ta 'tnixxija ta' ilma fil-gallerija integrata tal-pajpijiet It-test tal-ilma magħluq huwa spezzjoni komprensiva tal-kostruzzjoni tal-gallerija integrata tal-pajpijiet u l-kwalità tal-materjali. In the event of leakage, the leaks should be marked first and carefully treated after draining the water in the integrated pipe gallery. After the treatment, the test is repeated, and the process is repeated until the water is closed. Third, the material quality: 1, steel; the use of tensile strength is not lower than HRB400 three-stage threaded steel or hot-rolled, cold-rolled ribbed steel, steel properties should meet the requirements of GB1499.2, GB13788, GB1499.1. 2, cement; should use Portland cement, ordinary Portland cement, can also use sulfate-resistant Portland cement, fast-hardening cement. Cement performance should meet the requirements of GB175 and GB748 respectively. 3, aggregate; fine aggregate should use medium coarse sand, fineness modulus 2.3~3.3, mud content is not more than 2%; the maximum particle size of coarse aggregate should not exceed 1/3 of wall thickness of reinforced concrete box culvert, It shall not be greater than 3/4 of the net spacing of the hoop reinforcing bars, the mud content is ≤1%, the stone powder content is ≤5%, the needle-like particle content is ≤10%, and the porosity is ≤45%. 4. Admixtures and admixtures; concrete may not have harmful effects on box culverts when admixtures and admixtures are added. Should comply with the provisions of GB8076. When adding the sodium and polycarboxylate water reducing agent, the amount of addition should be determined after the test; the amount of FDN-2 superplasticizer is 0.75%~1%. The polycarboxylic acid series water reducing agent should be based on The amount of dilution of the mother agent is determined. 5. Water: Concrete mixing water should meet the requirements of JGJ63. 4. Box culvert standard: 1. Appearance quality inspection is as follows: (1) The inner and outer surfaces of the box should be dense, smooth and clean, free from cracks, honeycombs, pockmarks, pores, sinks, exposed sand, exposed stones, exposed pulp and sticky skin. . (2) The end face of the socket should be clean and free of angles. Cracks, exposed ribs, etc. are not densely realized. The groove of the adhesive strip of the socket should be smooth and smooth, the grain is clear, and there should be no sticking of floating pulp and debris. (3) The inner and outer surfaces of the top and bottom plates should be flat and free from local unevenness. (4) The sidewall pre-embedded screws should be firm, the silk path should be smooth and neatly arranged. (5) The tension hole should be smooth, the aperture is consistent, and there is no skew deviation.
2, product size deviation (1) steel frame: height ± 5mm, length ± 5mm, width ± 3mm, reinforced bar ± 5mm, steel bar diameter ± 0.1mm (2) box culvert: height ± 5mm, length ± 2mm, width ±2mm, socket depth ±1mm, socket length ±1mm, wall thickness ±1mm. (3) Box culvert parameter concrete 28d compressive strength C45/, demoulding strength requirement reaches 20Mpa, impermeability When P6 is reached, the freezing and thawing reaches F100, the external pressure crack load reaches 85kn/m, and the failure load reaches 120kn/m. First, the venue settings
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Prefabricated site
1. The site is selected according to the actual situation of the project. The site adopts closed management to set up import and export, and the construction access road is reserved in the site planning area, and various signs are hanged at the import and export according to regulations. 2. The layout of the prefabrication site shall be in strict accordance with the requirements of the standard factory, meet the requirements of occupational health and safety and environmental management system and HSE operation instructions, and set up various safety environment protection facilities. It shall be fully equipped to meet the requirements of safe and civilized production, sewage discharge and garbage disposal. Strictly in accordance with the relevant provisions of local government departments. 3. Clean the prefabricated site, leveling, vibrating and compacting, laying a 20cm thick cement stabilized macadam base, smoothing and vibrating and compacting. The main road of the plant will pour 15cm thick C20 commercial concrete on the cement stabilized macadam base. , installation area, prefabrication, production area, integrated pipe gallery natural conservation placement area pouring 10cmC20 commercial concrete. In the gantry crane rail erection position, the excavation depth is 60cm, and the concrete is poured and the track is laid. We must also do these three things: (1) The site needs to be cleaned and leveled, including prefabricated sites, connecting construction work belts and existing transportation roads, and passages in prefabricated sites. (2) In the prefabricated site, the stones, weeds, trees, structures, etc. that affect the passage or construction work of the construction machinery should be cleaned up, the ditch and the ridge should be leveled, and the low-lying areas with accumulated water should be drained and filled, if necessary, changed. Fill in, fully guarantee the flatness of the ground and the load-bearing and compressive capacity. (3) Pre-fabrication site cleaning and leveling shall be carried out to save land acquisition or land occupation, no traffic obstruction, no damage to buildings, facilities, monuments, etc., to prevent environmental pollution and soil erosion. 4. Prefabrication of the steel bar processing and installation area, integrated pipe gallery prefabrication production steaming area, integrated pipe gallery natural conservation shed, integrated pipe gallery storage area and other functional areas. The office area and living area are set according to the actual situation, and the prefabricated field entrance and exit is set up as a guard room. Second, the production process
Production process flow chart
1. Reinforcement engineering construction materials entering the site, sampling inspection, steel processing, steel bar binding, installation. (1) Reinforcement approach inspection a. Rebar is hot-rolled HPB300 grade steel and hot-rolled HRB400 grade steel bar. The standard strength of steel bar meets the requirements of 4.2.2 of GB50010-2010. The ribbed steel bar complies with the steel for reinforced concrete: Part II: Hot-rolled ribbed steel bars (GB1499.2-2007); light-round steel bars meet the requirements of steel for reinforced concrete: Part I: Hot-rolled ribbed steel bars (GB1499.1-2008). The steel plate is made of Q235-B steel, the welding electrode HPB300 grade steel is welded with E43 type electrode, and the HRB400 grade steel is welded with E55 type electrode. b. Before the steel enters the site, check the variety, grade, specification, quantity and material list in strict accordance with the requirements, whether the product quality certificate, the factory inspection report and the re-inspection report are complete and valid. The mechanical properties test must be in accordance with the relevant standards. c. Before the steel enters the field and before use, check the appearance quality of the steel bar, whether it is straight, no damage, no slag inclusion on the surface, heavy skin, crack, oil stain, granular or flake old rust, uniform color, view the diameter of the steel bar Meet the requirements, so as not to affect the strength of the steel and anchoring performance. Steel plates, welding rods, etc. are inspected with the steel bar inspection items before entering the site. (2) Storage of steel bars a. The steel bars entering the site are stored in the steel bar storage area according to the variety, specification and grade. The materials are stored by the material staff and the custodians. The steel bar is required to be covered with a pad to prevent rust. b. Check whether the steel bar has the factory certificate and the factory inspection report and the re-inspection report. Check the appearance quality and the volume representative diameter. The steel bar must be inspected comprehensively for its quality index. According to the batch inspection, the diameter and weight deviation are the same as the same factory, the same furnace number, the same specification, the same production process, and the 60-ton steel bar entering the same construction site at the same time is an inspection lot, less than 60 tons. Also as a test lot, carry out witnessed sampling. Sampling of steel bars shall be carried out by the supervising engineer. Two steel bars shall be taken to take two tensile test pieces, each with a length of about 450 mm, and two cold-bent test pieces with a length of about 350 mm, placed in the test box, and then supervised for sealing or monitoring the test room. If the result of the re-examination report is unqualified, it shall be double-sampled and re-tested. The results of the re-examination report shall be qualified, and the professional supervision engineer shall sign the approval, and the batch of steel bars may be used in processing. Storage and storage of other materials shall be carried out by means of moisture insulation. (3) Rebar processing Before processing, according to the design specifications and length and quantity, combined with different processing techniques, the length of each rebar is determined by calculation to ensure accuracy. During processing, check whether there is any error or omission in the blanking table. Check the material table for each type of steel bar. After these two inspections, press the material table to release the real sample. After the trial production is qualified, it can be processed in batches. Good steel bars should be stacked neatly and orderly. The surface of the steel bar should be clean, and the grease, dirt and rust must be cleaned before use. The steel bars are straightened and mechanically straightened. The steel bars after straightening shall not have local bending, dead bends or small waves. The steel bar cutting should be based on the steel bar number, diameter, length and quantity. The length and length of the steel bar should be broken and the short material should be broken first, and the short steel head should be reduced and shortened as much as possible to save steel and reduce loss. When the steel bar is bent, stake out determines the bending point and determines the bending angle based on the rebound strength of each steel bar. Before the formal bending, the steel bars that have been bent in large quantities will be subjected to trial bending and the relevant technical data will be determined before batch bending. After the steel bar is bent, the arc forms an arc. After the bending, the size is not larger than the blanking size. The bending adjustment value should be considered. The bending diameter D of the bent steel bar and the bend of the middle part is not less than 5 times the diameter of the steel bar. The length of the steel bar should be considered comprehensively according to the size of the component, the thickness of the protective layer, and the adjustment value of the bending of the steel bar. The allowable deviation of steel bar processing shall not exceed the specification. For steel bars with insufficient finished material, the butt joint pressure welding method is used to butt the foot length and then bend. The butt welder must be trained in a special butt welding process and sampled for inspection. After the various steel bars are formed, the allowable deviation shall not exceed the specification: the full length of the force ribs shall be ±10 mm; the deviation of the length of each part of the stirrups shall be ±5 mm; the deviation of the bent ribs shall be ±20 mm of the member, large volume The concrete is ±30mm; the deviation of the steel corner is 3mm; the 6~12mm round rib is made into the stirrup, and the length of the end hook is 75~105mm according to the diameter of the main rib. The specific calculation before the blanking is determined, the processed steel bars are classified and stored, and the formed steel bars are prevented from being deformed during storage and transportation.
Braided skeleton (reinforced steel) steel formwork
Difficulties: The difficulty in making the main ribs of the rectangular top pipe is the outer rib main rib. Each ring consists of four steel bars with two arcs each forming a rectangular top pipe rebar ring. The radius of the arc is too small, the curved arc segment is short, and the precision is high. . Solution: Before the steel bars are bent, mark them at the intersection of each arc. Then, the R90 degree arc is bent by three-roll bending, and the straight line segment is not bent. After the arc is fully bent, it is placed on the standard master inspection. After the requirements are met, the moving wheel movement position mark is made on the bending machine operating platform for the next quick production. The three-roll bending machine needs to have the function of jog and reverse. (4) Steel bar welding The formed steel bar is placed on the steel bar welding work tool according to the construction drawings for welding. The welding quality is an important part to ensure the overall strength of the steel bar. In the steel bar processing factory, the steel bars are mainly cleaned by double-sided flash butt welding to clean the corner burrs and the end face rust, oil stains and oxide film before being welded, and the metal luster is exposed by grinding, and there is no oxidation phenomenon. At the same time, the end face of the steel bar should be flattened to facilitate a good combination. The fixtures on both sides should be aligned to ensure that the two steel bars are on the same axis, and the local clearance of the two steel bars is not more than 3 mm. The pressure applied during the welding should be uniform and strong, and the temperature should be controlled at 30-40 MPa depending on the diameter of the steel bar to achieve good adhesion between the two steel bars. When the steel bars of different diameters are butt welded, the deviation shall not exceed 7mm. Butt welding and spot welding are strictly in accordance with the regulations, and the welding personnel are certified to work. After the welding is completed, the joint will be changed from white to black to release the clamp, and the steel bar will be taken out smoothly to avoid bending. After the welding of the steel bars is completed, the appearance inspection of the welded joints shall be carried out in time, and the joints that fail the visual inspection shall be re-welded. All welding operators must ensure that all types of welding machines are in good working condition, master the main performance and parameters of various welding machines in time, and select the best parameters for actual operation according to the conditions of the base metal and weather to ensure the welding quality. . (5) Reinforced steel cages should be re-calibrated before specification, size, shape, quantity, positioning tooling, etc., and comprehensive inspection should be carried out according to the design drawings and ingredient list. The design, ingredient list and physical object can be matched. Security. Before the system is installed, the reinforcement is arranged on the positioning tooling platform according to the design data. At the same time, according to the location, the setting of the standing reinforcement is determined to ensure that the steel bars after the installation meet the requirements. In the process of security, the steel bars are mainly made by wire binding and spot welding. The holes are made of 20~22# wire. The method of binding and binding is in accordance with the specifications and regulations. Spot welding is mainly used for forming steel bars and standing bars. The fixing, the spot welding should be firm, the points should be evenly distributed, and the force ribs should not be seriously damaged. The lashing joint of the steel bar shall meet the following requirements: a. The end of the lap length shall be not less than 10 times the diameter of the steel bar at the bend of the steel bar, and the joint shall not be located at the maximum bending moment of the component. b. In the tension zone, the end of the I-grade steel lashing joint shall be made into a hook. In the same section, the cross-sectional area of the joint of the tension zone shall be less than 50% of the total area of the force-receiving joint, and the lashing joint shall not be more than 50%. Not more than 25%, at the same time, the lashing joints must not exceed 50% in the compression zone. c. Reinforced joints, tied with wire at the center and at both ends. d. The joint positions of the stressed ribs are staggered from each other. The lap length of the tensioned steel reinforced joints should meet the structural design requirements. The welded steel joints and mechanical joints should be placed at the minimum bending moment and staggered. e. When the diameter of the stressed steel bar is ≥25mm, it is not advisable to use a non-welded lashing joint. f. The thickness of the concrete protective layer of the stressed steel bar should meet the structural design requirements. In order to ensure the correct position of the steel bar, it is tied and installed according to the design requirements. g. In the reinforcement cage binding process, one ΦPVC pipe is pre-buried on the four sides of the joint, Φ14mm, the length of the PVC pipe is determined according to the wall thickness of the mouth of the joint, and the pre-embedded PVC pipe is used as the inspection hole and the injection hole. The lifting holes are installed at 500mm above and below the central axis of the left and right sides of the integrated pipe gallery. Two Φ125*10mm*220mm steel pipes are welded to the steel frame, and Φ140*4 steel plate is used for sealing. The Φ125*10mm*180mm steel pipe is installed before lifting. Φ110mm*350mm iron pin is used as the integrated pipe hanger ear to meet the hoisting construction of the integrated pipe gallery. Reinforced steel works are concealed projects. Before pouring concrete, the steel bars and embedded parts should be inspected and accepted, and the hidden engineering records should be made. After the on-site supervision engineers agree, the next process can be carried out.
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Steel mold assembly
The most efficient method for the assembly process should be: first support the inner mold, the steel collar connection ribs should be welded first and then placed in the bottom mold, and the lining steel ring connecting ribs of the socket should be welded after the steel frame is put into the mold, and the steel bars are welded. After the skeleton is put into the mold, the grouting hole, the grouting hole and the pre-embedded steel plate are welded. After the welding, the outer mold is assembled. In order to prevent the position of the lifting hole from being inaccurate, the lifting hole is fixed on the outer mold, and the outer mold is assembled and then the welding socket is pre-prepared. Buried steel ring. (6) Reinforced protective layer The protective layer of concrete is made of concrete block, the thickness is equal to the thickness of the designed protective layer, the block size is 3cm×3cm, the pad number is more than C25 mortar strength, and the curing is strengthened during production to achieve design strength. 85% of the above can be used. When used in the vertical structure, the 20# binding line can be buried in the block, and the block is tied to the steel bar with the wire. The bottom layer of the bottom plate and the wall reinforcement layer are placed one square meter per square meter, and the plum blossoms are arranged. The spacing of the pads should be properly encrypted. Reasonably arrange the blocks, and tie them tightly on the stressed steel bars, instead of being placed on the non-stressed tendons, the fixing should be firm to prevent displacement and slippage during the pouring process; whether the blocks are fully inspected before concrete pouring Missing or damaged. 2. Concrete pouring (1) Concrete material Concrete transportation is transported to the prefabricated site by concrete tanker, and pumped into the warehouse by concrete pump truck. The slump of concrete is generally controlled between 140 and 180 mm (the specific value depends on the temperature of the day). 4 concrete vibrating rods with a vibrating radius of 20-25cm, so the spacing between each rod is 40cm. Each rod depth is within 5cm below the previous vibrating surface, and the vibrating time per rod is 2-3 minutes. (2) Mixing ratio design and test a. Mixing ratio design To meet the requirements of concrete design strength, frost resistance, impermeability, sand aggregate expansion rate and construction workability, the concrete construction mix ratio optimization test At the same time, it meets the requirements of construction water-cement ratio and slump, and is reviewed and approved by the supervision engineer. The mix ratio of concrete should ensure that the concrete obtained can meet the specific pouring conditions, and the water consumption in the concrete mix ratio is as small as possible. b. Concrete mix ratio test concrete mix ratio test plan, including concrete mix ratio test and concrete performance test of different strength grades, blending ratio test 14d ahead of the various mix ratio test ingredients and mixing, molding and maintenance, etc. The mix ratio test plan is reported to the supervision engineer. c. Construction mix ratio control According to the mix ratio test and the batch list approved by the supervision engineer, the concrete mix ratio is controlled, and the total water consumption is adjusted according to the water content of the aggregate. Concrete slump is determined by the nature of the structural part, the rate of reinforcement, the concrete transport and casting method, and the climatic conditions, and uses a small slump as much as possible. Concrete slump meets the requirements of SL677-2014. (3) Concrete sampling test During the concrete pouring process, the contractor shall carry out concrete sampling test at the discharge opening and pouring site according to the provisions of SL352-2006 and the instructions of the supervisor, and submit the following materials to the supervisor: a. And the quality certificate of its integrated pipe gallery; b. The composition, mixing and dimensions of the test piece; c. Description of the preparation and maintenance of the test piece; d. Test results and description; e. Concrete of various ages Test data such as bulk density, compressive strength, tensile strength, ultimate tensile value, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, slump and initial setting and final setting time. (4) Concrete pouring a. The mix ratio of commercial concrete should meet the requirements of DL/T5330-2005 "Design Specification for Hydraulic Concrete Mixing Ratio", and use cement and water reducing agent with relatively early initial setting time and early strength increase after final setting. Various additives such as air entraining agent and early strength agent should consider the long distance of concrete transportation, increase the early strength of concrete, reduce the time of demoulding, shorten the construction period, and especially solve the slow growth of concrete strength during winter construction. The problem with the site concrete slump is to be controlled at 140-180mm. b. After the mold and steel bars have been installed and qualified by the technicians for quality inspection and supervision, and confirmed, the integrated pipe gallery can be poured. The height of the hole is 2m or more above the ground, and the drop is 2m or less. The soft string barrel is set at the mouth to ensure that the concrete has a falling height of less than 2m. c. The concrete pipe tunnel concrete shall adopt the symmetric casting method to consider that the height of the edge should not exceed 40cm, and the construction by continuous casting method should not be intermittent. d. Concrete is poured in layers, in a certain direction, and with a certain thickness. The concrete is horizontally layered and the layer thickness is 30-40 cm. e. Vibrating uses a plug-in vibrating rod, the moving distance does not exceed 1.5 times the radius of action of the vibrating bar, and maintains a distance of 5 to 10 cm from the side mold. Insert the lower layer of concrete 5 to 10 cm when vibrating, and slowly propose the vibrating bar after each vibration. Avoid vibrating the formwork, steel bars, etc. during vibration; for each vibration part, it must be oscillated until the concrete is compacted, that is, the concrete stops sinking, no bubbles appear, and the surface is flat and muddy. During the pouring process, each work type should be arranged to check the changes of steel bars, brackets and stencils, and the situation should be dealt with in time. 3, box culvert maintenance and demoulding
Box culvert prefabricated
(1) After the concrete is poured, after the concrete is initially set, the integrated pipe gallery is steamed at a high temperature. The steaming adopts a customized steaming cover, and the integrated pipe gallery mold is covered with a steaming cover, and the bottom of the steaming cover is sealed to prevent steam from being discharged during the steaming process. The steaming boiler is steamed for the environmentally friendly steaming facility. support. In the process of steaming, it is divided into four stages: static stop, warming, constant temperature and cooling. During the static stop, the ambient temperature should be kept below 5 °C, and the temperature rise should be controlled within 15 °C/h. Constant temperature: When the temperature reaches 60 °C, the steaming can be stopped after four hours of constant temperature steaming. Cooling: The cooling rate of the integrated pipe gallery in the steaming shed is less than 10 °C / h, and the surface temperature of the integrated pipe gallery is not more than 5 °C, so that the integrated pipe gallery can be removed from the steaming cover. During the steaming process, special personnel are arranged to effectively control the temperature rise and fall and record in detail. Firstly, after the integrated pipe gallery has been poured and stopped for 2 hours, the integrated pipe gallery has been initially set and the inspection has no abnormality. The steaming cover and equipment are moved to the prefabricated production area, and the integrated pipe gallery has been set up with the steaming cover. Strictly sealed, check the sealing condition of steaming equipment and steaming cover and debug the steaming equipment. After all the preparations are in place, start the steaming equipment to heat up, and pay attention to control the heating rate within 15 °C/h during the heating process. . It is forbidden to heat up too fast or too slow, which will affect the compressive strength and performance of the integrated pipe gallery. When the temperature reaches 60 °C, the constant temperature steaming is started. After the constant temperature steaming for four hours, the steaming can be stopped. After the constant temperature steaming is finished, the integrated pipe gallery is cooled and maintained in the steaming shed, and the cooling rate is strictly controlled. Within 10 °C / h, the temperature drops to the surface temperature of the integrated pipe gallery and the ambient temperature does not exceed 5 °C, the steaming cover can be removed, and the integrated pipe gallery is demolished and moved to a natural conservation shed for natural conservation. (2) After the steaming is completed, the pipe gallery demoulding and natural conservation shed maintenance plan will reach 50% of the design strength and the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the steaming cover can not be more than 5 °C after stopping the steaming for one hour. mold. The order of demolding is from the inside out, from top to bottom. In the process of dismantling, it should be removed step by step in order, the mold is removed, the prefabricated integrated pipe gallery and the bottom mold are removed from the mold by the gantry crane, and transported to the designated natural conservation shed for natural watering. It is strictly forbidden to use the crowbar to hit the stencil under the template during the demoulding process. After the natural maintenance reaches 75% of the design strength, the integrated pipe gallery will be removed from the natural conservation shed for reversal. (3) Folding and placing plan of the pipe gallery After the concrete pouring is completed, the design strength is 50% and after the steaming is stopped for one hour, the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the steaming shed can not be greater than 5 °C, and the mold can be demolished. The order of demolding is from the inside out, from top to bottom. In the process of dismantling, it should be removed step by step in sequence. After the mold is removed, the prefabricated product and the bottom mold are lifted out of the mold and transported to the designated natural conservation area for natural watering. It is strictly forbidden to use the crowbar to hit the stencil under the template during the demoulding process. The angular parts of the sling or wire rope contact are protected by a pad, which is light and light during the lifting process, and all actions are directed by a special person. After the product strength reaches 75% of the design strength, the product is transferred to the finished natural conservation area. Move the product out of the tray during transport and flip the product. In order to facilitate the storage of the product, the original product of the product is turned over to the bottom of the floor, and the product storage height is two layers. 4, closed water testing standards
Closed water inspection flow chart
(1) Water injection in the integrated pipe gallery Before the water injection, the integrated pipe gallery block is sealed and sealed. After passing the inspection, water is injected into the integrated pipe gallery. The water is injected from the lower end of the integrated pipe gallery. After the water is filled, the inner wall of the integrated pipe gallery and the interface material are fully absorbed, and the soaking time is not less than the length specified in the specification. (2) Test a. After the comprehensive pipe shed is in compliance with the requirements, the test shall be carried out. The test head shall be 2 m above the top of the integrated pipe gallery. If the height from the top of the upstream integrated pipe gallery to the inspection port is less than 2 m, according to the municipal engineering quality inspection and acceptance Standard “closed water test water level to the wellhead to meet construction requirements. b. Start timing when the test head reaches the specified level, observe the leakage of the integrated pipe gallery until the end of the observation. At this time, the water should be continuously supplied to the integrated pipe gallery to keep the test head constant, and the seepage time of the water seepage is not less than 30 minutes. c. Calculate the measured water seepage according to the following formula: q=W/TL where q is the measured water seepage [L/(min.m)]; W——the amount of water (L); T——observation time (min) L - length of the test tube end (m). c. After the completion of the integrated pipe gallery, the third inspection party and the on-site supervision designated by Party A shall be notified in time to carry out the closed water test of the integrated pipe gallery system. After the test is completed, the earthwork construction party shall carry out the backfilling of the integrated pipe gallery trench. (3) Checkpoints a. The integrated pipe gallery must be inspected section by section; b. The appearance quality of the integrated pipe gallery and inspection well has been qualified, and no water leakage and no serious water seepage are qualified; c. Soaking time after filling the water in the integrated pipe gallery The immersion time of the reinforced concrete pipe shall not be less than the length specified in the specification; d. The comprehensive pipe gallery closed water test shall be carried out on site to measure the actual amount and the field calculation, and fill in the relevant forms as a concealed acceptance record. (4) Notice of closed water test The closed section of the closed water section is not dense, and it is often neglected because it is in the well. If the brick wall is used for sealing, the following points should be paid attention to: The nozzle should be 0.5 before the blockage The inner wall of the pipe in the range of m is cleaned, the cement puree is painted, and the bricks used are wetted for use. The masonry mortar should be no less than M7.5 and have a good consistency. The cement mortar for jointing and plastering shall be not less than M15. When the diameter of the pipe is large, the inner and outer sides should be small and only the outer one-side joint or the surface should be used. The surface should be applied in a waterproof 5-layer construction method. When conditions permit, it can be sealed before the inspection of the wells to ensure quality. The preset drain hole should be inspected at the inner bottom of the tube for draining and testing. (5) Treatment of water seepage in integrated pipe gallery The closed water test is a comprehensive inspection of the construction of integrated pipe gallery and the quality of materials. In the event of leakage, the leaks should be marked first and carefully treated after draining the water in the integrated pipe gallery. After the treatment, the test is repeated, and the process is repeated until the water is closed. Third, the material quality: 1, steel; the use of tensile strength is not lower than HRB400 three-stage threaded steel or hot-rolled, cold-rolled ribbed steel, steel properties should meet the requirements of GB1499.2, GB13788, GB1499.1. 2, cement; should use Portland cement, ordinary Portland cement, can also use sulfate-resistant Portland cement, fast-hardening cement. Cement performance should meet the requirements of GB175 and GB748 respectively. 3, aggregate; fine aggregate should use medium coarse sand, fineness modulus 2.3~3.3, mud content is not more than 2%; the maximum particle size of coarse aggregate should not exceed 1/3 of wall thickness of reinforced concrete box culvert, It shall not be greater than 3/4 of the net spacing of the hoop reinforcing bars, the mud content is ≤1%, the stone powder content is ≤5%, the needle-like particle content is ≤10%, and the porosity is ≤45%. 4. Admixtures and admixtures; concrete may not have harmful effects on box culverts when admixtures and admixtures are added. Should comply with the provisions of GB8076. When adding the sodium and polycarboxylate water reducing agent, the amount of addition should be determined after the test; the amount of FDN-2 superplasticizer is 0.75%~1%. The polycarboxylic acid series water reducing agent should be based on The amount of dilution of the mother agent is determined. 5. Water: Concrete mixing water should meet the requirements of JGJ63. 4. Box culvert standard: 1. Appearance quality inspection is as follows: (1) The inner and outer surfaces of the box should be dense, smooth and clean, free from cracks, honeycombs, pockmarks, pores, sinks, exposed sand, exposed stones, exposed pulp and sticky skin. . (2) The end face of the socket should be clean and free of angles. Cracks, exposed ribs, etc. are not densely realized. The groove of the adhesive strip of the socket should be smooth and smooth, the grain is clear, and there should be no sticking of floating pulp and debris. (3) The inner and outer surfaces of the top and bottom plates should be flat and free from local unevenness. (4) The sidewall pre-embedded screws should be firm, the silk path should be smooth and neatly arranged. (5) The tension hole should be smooth, the aperture is consistent, and there is no skew deviation.
2, product size deviation (1) steel frame: height ± 5mm, length ± 5mm, width ± 3mm, reinforced bar ± 5mm, steel bar diameter ± 0.1mm (2) box culvert: height ± 5mm, length ± 2mm, width ±2mm, socket depth ±1mm, socket length ±1mm, wall thickness ±1mm. (3) Box culvert parameter concrete 28d compressive strength C45/, demoulding strength requirement reaches 20Mpa, impermeability When P6 is reached, the freezing and thawing reaches F100, the external pressure crack load reaches 85kn/m, and the failure load reaches 120kn/m.
